Here you can see the spatial distribution of total OTUs (operational taxonomic units, a molecular stand-in for “species”) and diatom and animal eDNA over the Chukchi Sea in the upper water column (~5 meters) and the lower water column (~35 meters). The overall diversity is at least thousands of molecular “species” at each station. Nitrosopumilus is an archaeon that converts ammonia to nitrite, and Nitrospina is a bacterium that converts nitrite to nitrate, which can be used by phytoplankton for growth.